Firing is a crucial process in the formation of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, particularly for materials such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and nickel manganese cobalt (NMC).

1 Calcination:
The cathode material is heated at high temperatures, typically between 700 to 1000°C, where crystal structures are formed. This step is essential for improving the electrochemical stability of the material and ensuring sufficient battery capacity.

2 Sintering:
The particles of the material are densified, enhancing their conductivity and strengthening the structure. This process increases the density of the material, which in turn raises the energy density of the battery.

3 Annealing:
After the firing process, the material may undergo additional low-temperature treatment to relieve internal stresses and ensure the stability of the material.

The firing process ensures the uniformity of the crystal structure in electrode materials and optimizes their electrical properties. As a result, the material's conductivity, durability, and safety are enhanced.

The drying process is a critical step in lithium-ion battery manufacturing, primarily conducted after electrode coating or electrolyte injection. This process removes moisture and solvents that could negatively impact battery performance.

1 Electrode Drying:
After applying the slurry, which contains active material, binder, and conductive additives, to the cathode and anode, the electrodes pass through a drying furnace to evaporate the solvents. This drying process is conducted at temperatures ranging from 60 to 150°C, depending on the type of electrode. The solvent for the cathode (NMP) and for the anode (water) is effectively removed during this phase.

2 Electrolyte Drying:
Once the electrolyte is injected into the cells, a second drying process is carried out to remove any residual moisture. If moisture remains in the battery, unwanted chemical reactions may occur, leading to a shortened battery life.

The drying process is essential for removing excess moisture and solvents from battery materials, which improves battery efficiency, reduces internal resistance, and prevents degradation of the electrodes and electrolyte.

Firing Process:
This process plays a crucial role in forming high-performance electrode materials and optimizing their electrochemical properties.

Drying Process:
It removes unnecessary moisture and solvents, enhancing the battery's lifespan and safety.

These steps are essential for ensuring that lithium-ion batteries achieve high energy density, long life, and safety, making them indispensable in the manufacturing of efficient and reliable batteries.